29 years of Sukhoi: The Russian fighter that transformed Indian air power

On this day in 1997, the Indian Air Force inducted its first eight Su-30k fighter aircraft into No. 24 Squadron "Hawks" at Air Force Station Lohegaon, Pune. The induction of the Su-30k marked the arrival of a heavyweight, long-range fighter in the Indian Air Force.The Su-30k would eventually evolve into the Su-30MKI, the backbone of IAF’s combat fleet. Currently, the IAF has 260 Su-30MKI in service with a major modernisation programme on the horizon.Why India inducted the Su-30The induction of Su-30 was driven by the changing air power balance in India’s neighbourhood. During the1980’s, Pakistan acquired F-16 Fighting Falcons from the United States. To counter it, India inducted Mirage 2000 from France in 1985 and MiG-29 from the Soviet Union in 1987.Observing the rapid modernisation of China’s military in the early 1990’s, Indian security planners decided to induct a heavy and long-range fighter aircraft capable of carrying large weapons payloads.After extensive evaluations and negotiations, New Delhi signed a landmark agreement with Moscow on 30 November 1996 for the acquisition of 50 Su-30 aircraft.Later in 2000, India and Russia signed the deal to increase the manufacture of Su-30MKI in India by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL).Additional orders were given for 40 aircraft in 2007 and 42 in 2012. Currently, 12 Su-30MKI are on order to replace the aircraft lost in accidents and maintain the strength of 272 Su-30MKI in IAF.Backbone of IAFOver the last 29 years, Su-30MKI has evolved into an integral part of the IAF combat fleet.Designed by the Sukhoi design bureau as a multi-role air dominance fighter, it carries a heavy weapons payload in deep strike operations and can also perform maritime missions.The specification of Su-30MKI includes:· It is operated by a crew of two: a pilot and a Weapon Systems Operator for enhanced mission effectiveness.· It is powered by two AL-31FP thrust-vectoring turbofan engines.· Capable of reaching speeds of up to Mach 2 (2,120 km/h).· With a combat range of 1,500 km, it can perform long-range missions without the need for air-to-air refuelling.· Su-30MKI can carry up to 8,000 kg of weapons and mission equipment on 12 hardpoints.· It is equipped with the N011M Bars radar for long-range target detection and tracking.· With Astra, BrahMos, R-77 and Kh-29 missiles, it can carry a wide range of Russian, Indian and Israeli weapons.From countering regional threats in the late 1990s to serving as a pillar of India's air dominance and strategic strike capabilities today, the Su-30MKI has remained at the forefront of the IAF's combat operations.With the indigenous modernisation program “Super Sukhoi,” it will continue to be in service well beyond the 2040s.