Improper removal of eye makeup can spike inflammation by 40%: Study by Bengaluru doctor

Bengaluru: Improper use of eye cosmetics, especially failing to remove them at night, can significantly impact eye health, increasing inflammatory markers by up to 40%, according to a recent study by a city-based ophthalmologist.The study, called ‘Biological Cleansing: Toward Improving Ocular Surface Surgical Outcomes', accepted for publication in the Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, analysed tear film biomarkers and found that commonly used products such as mascara, eyeliner, eye shadow, and false eyelashes can trigger inflammation and destabilise the tear film when not adequately removed. "Improper removal of cosmetics can increase inflammatory markers like MMP9, IL-17 and IL-6 by as much as 40%, while also clogging the meibomian glands that are essential for tear film stability. These changes can disrupt the eye's immune balance and even affect cellular repair mechanisms," said Dr Rohit Shetty, clinician and translational scientist and director, Narayana Nethralaya, who led the study.He added prolonged exposure to such irritants, combined with factors like increased screen time, can lead to chronic issues such as dry eyes, light sensitivity and contact lens intolerance. Other ophthalmologists TOI spoke to said the eye has a built-in "biological cleansing" mechanism. "The tear film is the eye's natural cleansing system. With every blink, it removes dirt, debris and microbes while also delivering antimicrobial substances like lysozyme and immunoglobulins," said Dr Namita C Anagol, senior consultant ophthalmologist at Nethradhama Super Speciality Eye Hospital.Blinking spreads a fresh layer of tears across the eye while pushing out the older layer. "Cosmetics can interfere with this process. Products like kajal or eyeliner, especially when applied on the waterline, can block gland openings, leading to debris accumulation and an unstable tear film," Dr Namita said.She also flagged risks linked to newer cosmetic trends. "Eyelash extensions and tattooing alter the natural protective function of eyelashes and introduce chemicals that can irritate the eye and block glands," she said.BOXBetter Be Safe Than SorryExperts said while cosmetics need not be completely avoided, precautions can minimise their impact. "If using eye makeup is necessary, I recommend opting for products that are as chemical-free and hypoallergenic as possible. It is also important not to apply them daily — limiting usage to once or twice a week is ideal. Along with this, maintaining proper eyelid hygiene is crucial," said Dr Sorabh Malik, consultant ophthalmologist at Dr Agarwals Eye Hospital.He also recommended the "hot fomentation technique" as an effective home remedy. "This involves using a clean cloth dipped in lukewarm water and gently massaging the eyelids to open blocked pores, improve tear secretion and remove debris."Dr Rohit Shetty emphasised care should go beyond just removing makeup. "I recommend using medicated eyelid wipes containing ingredients like tea tree oil, castor oil or coconut oil," he said.He added the focus should be on biological cleansing. "It involves maintaining overall eye health through proper hygiene, ensuring adequate sunlight exposure for Vitamin D, and incorporating supplements such as omega-3 fatty acids and curcumin."
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