Heart at risk? 3 lab tests everyone should take to check cardiovascular risk

From young people dying suddenly of heart attacks to a 50% surge in cardiac medication sales in India over the past five years, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is clearly on the rise. Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of death worldwide, but early detection can reduce the risk. Dr. Jeremy London, a board-certified US cardiovascular surgeon with over 25 years of clinical experience, recommends three essential lab tests to evaluate cardiovascular risk. “Heart disease is the #1 killer worldwide, and knowing your risk profile is important,” the doctor adds.

LDL-C

The first test Dr. London suggests is LDL-C, which is known as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), often called ‘bad cholesterol’. “This is a standard measure of the bad cholesterol on routine panels, and it is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease,” the doctor shared. Elevated LDL-C levels hint at cardiovascular disease, as it contribute to the buildup of plaque in arteries, which can lead to sudden heart attacks and strokes.

ApoB

Apolipoprotein-B (ApoB) test provides a comprehensive view of cardiovascular risk by measuring the number of atherogenic particles. Also known as apolipoprotein B-100, this protein helps carry fat and cholesterol through your body. This protein attaches to negative types of cholesterol that cause plaque buildup in your blood vessels. A high ApoB count signals increased risk, even if LDL-C levels appear normal.

Lp-a

The third test is Lp-a. Lipoprotein-a (Lp-a) is a genetically determined lipoprotein that significantly elevates the risk of heart attack and stroke when levels are high. Lp-a levels are largely unaffected by lifestyle changes. This protein attaches to cholesterol particles and increases clotting risk. “This is a genetically determined lipoprotein that, if it's elevated, significantly increases your risk of heart attack and stroke. Now this protein is attached to the cholesterol particles, and it increases the risk of clotting,” the doctor said.

Lp-a may be beyond lifestyle control, but Dr. London suggests individuals can still take proactive steps. What can be done? “Unfortunately, unlike LDL-C and ApoB, lifestyle modification does not lower Lp-a. So what do you do? Well, you control what you can control. Decrease your LDL-C and ApoB to decrease your overall cardiovascular risk. And there are medications that are in a current clinical trial that are directly targeted to Lp-a,” the doctor said.

What should you do?

These three tests could possibly save you from a future incident. Also, if you have a family history of heart disease or experience symptoms like shortness of breath, fatigue, or chest discomfort, you should consult a doctor and ask about getting an electrocardiogram (ECG) or coronary calcium scan for a more comprehensive heart health assessment.


It is important to understand that prevention is always better than cure. Simple steps such a regular screenings, a balanced diet, physical activity, and stress management can go a long way in keeping your heart healthy.