How sedentary lifestyle, hypertension, and neglecting diabetes management could lead to stroke?

Stroke is increasingly being seen in the younger population, with individuals in their 20s and 30s presenting with acute symptoms and abnormalities detected on their MRI scans. One of the key contributing factors in these cases is the lifestyle changes that have occurred over the past few decades. Identifying these risk factors early and resorting to immediate medical attention and prevention steps thus remain crucial to potentially reverse the complications of stroke.

Risk Factors of Stroke: Poor Lifestyle, Stress & ObesityWith increasing urbanization, individuals have turned to a sedentary lifestyle, with the level of physical activity being significantly decreased in their 20s and 30s. This is largely because of desk-based jobs that require sitting for several hours at a stretch, with little to no physical activity. This lack of physical activity directly leads to weight gain and metabolic syndrome– which can result in impaired glucose tolerance and elevated insulin levels. Higher insulin levels can contribute to an increase in cholesterol, which in turn can lead to the formation of plaques in the blood vessels.

Thus, it becomes crucial to maintain a reasonable level of physical activity—ideally, about 40-45 minutes of aerobic exercise 5-6 days a week. This can be something as simple as brisk walking, running, or any form of aerobic activity that suits you.

Stress is another associated cause of stroke in the young population, which leads to reduced relaxation time and sleep. Increasing weight is also a risk factor for developing a condition called obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), where oxygen levels drop drastically during sleep. OSA is more commonly seen in patients who are overweight and obese. This drop in oxygen is an independent risk factor for stroke and heart attacks. Studies have shown that even a modest amount of weight reduction significantly reduces the risk of stroke in individuals who are overweight or obese.

Neglecting Hypertension & Diabetes Management Can Lead to Stroke.The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes has also increased in the younger population – which is again associated with changes in lifestyle, including stressful work practices. They are considered cumulative diseases—meaning, the longer you have them, the more likely you are to experience complications. Hypertension and diabetes are also well-recognized risk factors for stroke and have been identified as such for several decades. Today, both diseases are being observed at much younger ages than the previous generation.
Therefore, it is essential to monitor your blood pressure periodically and blood sugar levels to ensure they are within the acceptable range. In conclusion, the major takeaway message of this World Stroke Day would be early identification of these symptoms that can help prevent complications and also get the patient to a medical facility on time during an emergency.

(Author: Dr. Jayachandran R, Consultant - Neurology, Manipal Hospital Millers Road.)