Understanding monkeypox: Myths and misinformation to ignore about the disease

Understanding the facts about mpox is essential for combating misinformation and ensuring effective public health responses. By debunking myths and disseminating accurate information, we can help reduce fear and stigma, promote appropriate preventive measures, and support those affected by the disease. It is crucial to rely on credible sources and stay informed through reputable health organizations to navigate the challenges posed by mpox.

Here are some myths and facts about mpox:

What is Mpox?

Mpox is a viral infection caused by the mpox virus, a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus, which also includes the smallpox virus. The disease was first identified in non-human primates in 1958 and in humans in 1970. Mpox usually manifests with symptoms resembling those of smallpox, but it is generally less severe. It is characterized by fever, rash, and swollen lymph nodes.

Myth 1: Mpox is a new disease

Mpox is not a new disease. While it has gained increased attention recently, particularly due to its spread in areas outside its usual endemic regions, the virus has been known for decades. The recent spike in cases is largely attributed to changes in human behavior, global travel, and increased awareness rather than the emergence of a novel pathogen.

Myth 2: Mpox is the same as smallpox

Although mpox and smallpox share some similarities, they are distinct diseases caused by different viruses. Smallpox, which was eradicated in 1980, is more severe and has a higher mortality rate than mpox. Mpox usually results in a milder illness, with fewer complications. The vaccines used to prevent smallpox are not fully effective against mpox, which is why new vaccines and treatments are being developed specifically for it.

Myth 3: Mpox only affects certain groups of people

Mpox is not limited to any specific group or geographic location. While recent outbreaks have been noted in various regions, including urban centers and among certain populations, the virus can infect anyone. Transmission occurs through close contact with infected individuals or contaminated materials, not through a specific lifestyle or demographic.

Myth 4: Mpox is easily spread through casual contact

Transmission of mpox is not as easily facilitated as some other viral infections, such as the common cold or flu. The virus primarily spreads through close, prolonged contact with an infected person or animal, including contact with bodily fluids, skin lesions, or contaminated objects. Casual contact or brief interactions are less likely to result in transmission.

Myth 5: Mpox is a public health crisis

While the rise in mpox cases is concerning and warrants attention, it is not considered a public health crisis on the scale of some other infectious diseases. Governments and health organizations are monitoring the situation closely and are prepared to respond with public health measures and vaccine distribution if needed. Most cases are manageable with proper medical care, and the disease typically resolves on its own without severe complications.

Myth 6: There is no effective treatment for Mpox

There are indeed treatments available for mpox. While there is no specific antiviral treatment, supportive care and management of symptoms are effective in most cases. Vaccines and antiviral drugs, originally developed for smallpox, can be used to prevent or treat mpox. Health professionals are continually researching and developing new treatment options to better manage the disease.

(Author: Dr Rohit Garg, Consultant, Infectious Disease, Amrita Hospital Faridabad)