Australia, the US, and the UK have issued health advisories warning about counterfeit doses of an Indian rabies vaccine, triggering concern among travellers and health officials. The alerts focus on Abhayrab, a vaccine widely used in India, and caution that some people vaccinated since late 2023 may not be fully protected. India’s vaccine manufacturer has rejected suggestions of a quality failure, calling the warnings over-cautious and stressing that only one counterfeit batch was involved. Health experts warn that unclear messaging could undermine trust in vaccines in a country where rabies remains endemic and deadly. As global scrutiny grows, India faces the challenge of combating counterfeiting while ensuring confidence in essential public health tools.