After nearly 14 years of diplomatic efforts, the Netherlands is set to return the historic Anaimangalam Chola copper plates, also known as the Leiden plates, to India during Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s three-day visit to the European nation. The 21 copper plates, dating back to the reign of Rajaraja Chola I between 985 and 1014 CE, are considered among the most important surviving records of the Chola dynasty and hold immense significance in Tamil heritage. The artefacts were taken to the Netherlands around 1700 CE by missionary Florentius Camper when Nagapattinam was under Dutch control and later donated to Leiden University, where they remained for over 300 years. India formally intensified efforts for their return in 2023, with UNESCO-backed negotiations eventually leading to an agreement between India and the Netherlands.