Despite 'popularity' these 5 handloom fabrics are on the verge of extinction

India’s handloom industry was once a treasure trove, filled with traditional fabrics that wove history through techniques passed down from generation to generation. Each region had its own weaving language, producing a rich variety of textiles. While some of these fabrics have stood the test of time, others are sadly on the verge of extinction. Thanks to the rise of mass-produced textiles and a lack of consistent government support, here are five traditional handloom fabrics that are quietly dying out.

Originating from the small village of Pochampally in Telangana, this fabric is created using a unique resist-dyeing technique. In this process, yarns are tied and dyed in a specific way so that patterns emerge once the fabric is woven. The result is a vibrant and intricate design, making Pochampally Ikat instantly recognisable. However, with the rapid rise of power looms and cheaper alternatives, weavers are increasingly abandoning this time-honoured craft.

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Baluchari is a rich handloom silk fabric that hails from the village of Baluchar in West Bengal. Known for its elaborate motifs, often inspired by mythological stories, it has traditionally been used to make sarees and other ceremonial attire. Sadly, the influx of machine-made fabrics and reduced demand have led to a sharp decline in Baluchari weaving, pushing many artisans away from the loom.

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This one might surprise you. While Chanderi silk is still seen on celebrities and high-end fashion runways, its popularity among the general public has waned. Originating in Chanderi town in Madhya Pradesh, this lightweight, sheer fabric was once considered a luxury staple. But with synthetic fabrics flooding the market, only a niche segment now buys authentic Chanderi, leading to a slow decline in demand and relevance.

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From the Sambalpur district of Odisha comes the iconic Sambalpuri fabric, known for its tie-dye technique, where yarns are dyed before weaving. This creates unique and vibrant designs that are distinct to the region. Unfortunately, without robust awareness or widespread recognition outside Odisha and West Bengal, the fabric remains underappreciated. Power looms and minimal institutional support have further contributed to its fading legacy.

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Once known as “woven air,” Dacca muslin was legendary for its fineness, so sheer it could pass through a ring. Made from phooti cotton grown on the banks of the Meghna River (now in Bangladesh), this fabric was highly sought after. After the Partition, a few Bengal-based weavers tried to preserve this rare art, but it continues to fade with time. Despite its unmatched quality, the lack of modern support and patronage has pushed Dacca muslin to the brink of extinction.
In a country rich with textile heritage, it’s heartbreaking to see these age-old crafts being overlooked. If preserved, they could not only empower thousands of artisans but also keep a vital part of India’s cultural fabric alive.

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