​Ever heard of popcorn lung? Know what it is and why it happens?​

Popcorn lung, formally known as bronchiolitis obliterans or obliterative bronchiolitis, is a serious and irreversible lung condition. It gained public attention due to a cluster of cases among workers at a microwave popcorn plant in the early 2000s. The condition is associated with exposure to certain chemicals, particularly diacetyl, a flavoring agent used in some food products.

Workers in certain industries, such as flavor manufacturing, food processing, and flavoring production, may be at a higher risk due to occupational exposure to diacetyl and other harmful chemicals. Popcorn plant workers were the first group associated with the condition. Individuals working in facilities where flavorings are used in high concentrations, such as those in the food and beverage industry, may also face a potential risk. As per a Harvard report, diacetyl is also added to the liquid used in many flavored e-cigarettes. Vaping involves heating a liquid and inhaling the aerosol into the lungs.

The primary cause of popcorn lung is exposure to diacetyl. Diacetyl is a chemical used in the production of buttery flavorings, particularly in microwave popcorn, snack foods, and some e-cigarette liquids. When inhaled, diacetyl can damage the airways and trigger an immune response, leading to inflammation and scarring. While diacetyl is a major culprit, other harmful chemicals and irritants inhaled on the job or due to specific exposures may contribute to bronchiolitis obliterans. WebMD says, there are other chemicals that can cause popcorn lungs: metal oxide fumes, a common byproduct of welding; formaldehyde, a cancer-causing chemical used in some glues and building materials; sulfur dioxide, a pollutant released by burning fossil fuels; ammonia, chlorine, nitrogen oxides, hydrochloric acid and sulfur mustard, a chemical weapon known as "mustard gas".

Cough: Persistent coughing may be one of the initial symptoms.

Wheezing: The narrowing of airways can lead to wheezing or a whistling sound during breathing.

Shortness of Breath: Individuals may experience difficulty breathing, especially during physical activity.

Chronic Cough: The cough can become chronic and more severe.

Fatigue: Reduced lung function may result in fatigue and a lack of energy.

Rapid Decline in Lung Function: In severe cases, there may be a rapid decline in lung function, leading to respiratory failure.

It's important to note that symptoms of bronchiolitis obliterans can mimic those of other respiratory conditions, making accurate diagnosis challenging without proper medical evaluation.

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