Here's why obesity and fatty liver are interconnected

Metabolic Associated Fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a condition that occurs when fat accumulates in the liver, potentially leading to liver damage and other serious health complications. Obesity has been identified as a significant risk factor for MAFLD, and understanding this association is vital in preventing its adverse effects on liver health.

Dr. M. Asha Subba Lakshmi, Clinical Director and Head - Gastroenterology (Medical), CARE Hospitals, HITEC City, Hyderabad says, “Numerous studies have established a strong link between obesity and MAFLD. People who are obese or overweight are at a higher risk of developing this liver condition compared to those with a healthy weight. The excess body fat can be transported to the liver, where it accumulates and causes fatty liver. Additionally, obesity can induce chronic inflammation, which further contributes to liver damage and the development of fatty liver.”

India is witnessing a rise in both obesity and MAFLD cases. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 35% of Indian adults are overweight or obese. This prevalence is expected to increase to 45% by 2030. Concurrently, fatty liver has become a growing concern, affecting a significant portion of the Indian population.

“MAFLD exists on a spectrum, ranging from mild cases with minimal symptoms to more severe forms, such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In its early stages, fatty liver may not cause noticeable symptoms, making it challenging to diagnose without medical evaluation. However, as the condition progresses, individuals may experience fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, and other signs of liver dysfunction,” says Dr. Lakshmi.

According to Dr. Lakshmi, “If left untreated, MAFLD can lead to more severe liver damage and complications. NASH, a more advanced stage of fatty liver, can result in liver cirrhosis, liver failure, and ultimately, the need for a liver transplant. The potential consequences underscore the importance of early detection and management of fatty liver.”

Although there is no cure for MAFLD, it can be effectively managed. The primary focus of treatment involves weight loss and lifestyle modifications. Even a modest reduction in body weight can lead to significant improvements in liver health. Adopting a healthy diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins, while reducing saturated and trans fats, is essential. Regular physical activity, such as aerobic exercises and strength training, can also contribute to better liver function.

“For individuals who are obese or at risk of MAFLD, early diagnosis is crucial. Regular health check-ups, liver function tests, and imaging studies can help detect fatty liver in its initial stages. Early intervention and lifestyle adjustments are essential to prevent the progression of MAFLD to more severe conditions. According to the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), approximately 34.2% of Indian adults are either overweight or obese. The prevalence of fatty liver in India is estimated to be between 10% to 20%, while NASH is believed to affect 2% to 5% of adults,” says Dr. Lakshmi.

The association between obesity and fatty liver disease is well-established, highlighting the significance of weight management in maintaining liver health. A healthy lifestyle, early diagnosis, and timely intervention can protect liver health and mitigate the burden of fatty liver disease on public health. Raising awareness and promoting healthier habits are essential steps in combating this growing health concern. Loss of at least 10% of body weight in obese patients with NAFLD can help in reducing fatty liver. Avoiding alcohol is a must.

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