From US to India: 10 countries with the largest gold reserves

Gold continues to play a crucial role in the way central banks manage their reserves. Valued for its safety, liquidity, and return characteristics, gold meets the three core investment objectives that guide reserve management. Because of this, central banks are among the world’s most significant gold holders, collectively accounting for around one-fifth of all the gold ever mined.
In this phase of the international gold market, the compiled international reserve of gold data from the IMF's IFS provides information on the reported holdings, purchases, and sales of the central banks, as well as the share of the total reserves of gold. The list below provides information strictly on the Q3 2025 holdings in metric tons of the reported data as of 30 September 2025.

The US has a significantly higher amount of gold reserves than any other country, with 8,133.46 tonnes. Gold accounts for 80.36% of all its reserves, a testimony to the central role gold plays in the nation’s reserve composition despite lower foreign exchange reserves.

China’s gold reserves stand at 2,303.51 tonnes, forming 7.68% of its total reserves. While the percentage share is modest, the absolute volume places China among the world’s top official gold holders.

Japan reports 845.97 tonnes of gold, representing 7.76% of its reserves. As a high-income economy with substantial foreign exchange holdings, gold plays a stable but secondary role in its reserve structure.

India holds 880.18 tonnes of gold, accounting for 15.17% of total reserves. This relatively higher share reflects gold’s importance within India’s overall reserve diversification strategy.

The United Kingdom’s gold reserves total 310.29 tonnes, making up 18.30% of its reserves. Gold continues to represent a meaningful component of the UK’s international reserve assets.

Poland holds 515.34 tonnes of gold, with gold forming 24.12% of its total reserves. This places Poland among countries with a notably high proportion of reserves allocated to gold.

Thailand reports 234.52 tonnes of gold, accounting for 10.56% of its reserves. Gold serves as a significant, though not dominant, part of its overall reserve mix.

Singapore’s gold reserves amount to 204.71 tonnes, representing 6.09% of total reserves. As a high-income financial hub, Singapore maintains gold alongside substantial foreign exchange assets.

Brazil holds 145.14 tonnes of gold, which makes up 5.01% of its reserves. Gold remains a relatively small but stable portion of Brazil’s reserve holdings.

Mexico’s gold reserves stand at 120.14 tonnes, accounting for 5.69% of total reserves. Gold plays a limited yet consistent role in Mexico’s reserve framework.
About the data: All figures are as of 30 September 2025 and taken from central banks, IMF, World Bank, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, and World Gold Council sources. Gold values are based on the end-of-quarter LBMA Gold Price, and other reserve values are obtained from IMF IFS.