‘Halting cognitive decline will boost us as we age’

In an era of troubling news comes a scientific discovery which shows our memories need not fade as we age — in fact, they could be as sharp and vivid as people decades younger. The implications are enormous for societies with growing numbers of ageing people, tight retirement cutoffs and notions of ‘youth’ underpinning creative, innovative thought.Perhaps given its many implications, Orly Lazarov, leading scientist of the SuperAger study, is so measured with her words about it. Describing her work, Lazarov, sitting in an office brimming with books, says, ‘Along with cognitive decline in ageing and Alzheimer’s Disease, I research hippocampal neurogenesis as a form of plasticity in cognitive function.’Why exactly are neurons so core to our well-being? Lazarov says, ‘Neurons are one of the principal components of the brain — they’re the brain’s cellular foundation. They work in concert with other cells to determine brain function.’ She adds, ‘Neurogenesis is the formation of new neurons from neural stem cells. This is a unique phenomenon that takes place in the hippocampus, an area critical for memory formation. Such brain plasticity is critical for learning and memory.’ Is neurogenesis the same across all humans or does it differ? Lazarov says, ‘This study shows the process is profound in young adults while Alzheimer’s patients show very little neurogenesis. In SuperAgers, older individuals with exceptional memory, this process is enhanced. We think one reason their brains work so well is more neurogenesis and a unique molecular signaling supporting this.’ Do lifestyle choices also increase neurogenesis? Lazarov is economical in her response, ‘It could be — but this is not something we have looked into. Our study researched the molecular signature of neurogenesis in SuperAger brains. Rodent and primate data show lifestyle can change levels of neurogenesis but we can’t conclude that for humans here.’So, could medical treatments in the future specifically target neuron growth in people? Lazarov nods. ‘Yes. Our hope is to develop a therapeutic approach that would enhance neurogenesis and support cognitive function in ageing. We’re hoping this will help us prevent dementia and cognitive decline.’ The scientist’s voice softens just a shade. ‘If we can support cognitive function, ageing people will continue being active members of society.’What is the most important message from this study? Lazarov replies, ‘Cognitive decline is not a necessity or decree of aging. SuperAgers are the best example — if we just learn how to translate their molecular network of signaling in the brain into a therapeutic approach, that would support other brains growing older to perform better.’Views expressed are personal